• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Examples relating to a boat with retractable drive mechanisms are described. An example is a boat (100) comprising a hull (102) having a receiving compartment (124) and also having a deck (104). The boat also includes a drive unit (112) extending across the deck and hull of the boat and configured to receive a rotational input. The drive unit comprises a drive shaft (116) and the propeller (118) movable between an extended position in which the propeller is positioned below the hull and a retracted position in which the propeller is positioned at least partially inside the receiving compartment.
    公开号:FR3049926A1
    申请号:FR1752616
    申请日:2017-03-29
    公开日:2017-10-13
    发明作者:Andy Zimmerman；Terrence J Gilbert；Damon Bungard；Kenneth Clark Causey
    申请人:JACKSON KAYAK Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BOAT COMPRISING A RETRACTABLE TRAINING MECHANISM Background [0001] Recreational craft are used in a wide variety of outdoor activities, such as fishing, tourism, photography and exercise. Canoe or kayak paddles are a common propulsion mode for pleasure craft. Similarly, some boats include pedal-driven or engine-driven propulsion systems. Unlike canoes or kayaks, pedal-powered boats can allow a user to perform manual tasks, such as fishing or photography, while propelling the boat into the water. Abstract [0002] Examples relating to boats with retractable drive mechanisms are described. These examples can be combined together.
    An example proposes a boat comprising a hull, a bridge positioned above the hull, and a drive unit extending through the deck and the hull of the boat. The hull includes a receiving compartment. The drive unit includes an input coupling configured to receive a rotation input, and a flexible drive shaft connecting the input coupling to a helix. The flexible drive shaft and the propeller are movable between an extended position in which the propeller is positioned below a lower side of the shell and a retracted position in which the propeller is positioned at least partially to inside the receiving compartment. The boat of the example may furthermore have any one or any combination of the following features: the boat further comprises a detachable pedaling device positioned above the deck of the boat, where the input coupling is configured to receive a rotational input of the detachable pedaling apparatus in a user-operated configuration; - The boat further comprises a detachable motor, wherein the input coupling is configured to receive a rotational input of the detachable motor in a motor-driven configuration; The detachable motor is an electric motor coupled to a battery; The input coupling is a quick disconnect coupling; - The boat further comprises a gearbox coupled to the input coupling, the gearbox having an input speed ratio on output speed between 8 and 14; - the propeller comprises three or more blades; The boat further comprises a drive retraction control lever connected to the drive unit for moving the flexible drive shaft and the propeller between the extended and retracted positions; and / or - the flexible drive shaft is supported by a saber wing attached to the hull via a pivot, the drive retraction control lever being configured to pivot the helix between the extended and retracted positions.
    Another example proposes a boat comprising a hull, a bridge positioned above the hull, and a drive unit extending through the deck and the hull of the boat. The hull includes a receiving compartment. The drive unit includes an input coupling configured to receive a rotation input, a flexible drive shaft rotatably connecting the input coupling to a propeller, the flexible drive shaft and the drive shaft. propeller being movable between an extended position in which the propeller is positioned below a lower side of the shell and a retracted position in which the propeller is positioned in the receiving compartment, and a retraction control lever of drive connected to the drive unit for moving the flexible drive shaft and the propeller between the extended and retracted positions. The craft of the example may further have any one or any combination of the following features: - the input coupling is configured to receive a rotational input of a detachable pedaling apparatus in an actuated configuration per user; the input coupling is configured to receive a rotational input of a detachable motor in a motor driven configuration, the gearbox being user adjustable between a user operated configuration and the motor powered configuration; the flexible drive shaft is supported by a shaft support fixed to the shell via a pivot, the drive retraction control lever being configured to rotate the propeller between the extended and retracted positions; and / or - the detachable pedaling apparatus comprises a gearbox coupled to pedals.
    Another example proposes a boat comprising a hull, a deck positioned above the hull, a detachable pedaling device positioned above the deck, and a drive unit through the deck and the hull of the hull. craft. The hull includes a receiving compartment. The drive unit comprises an input coupling configured to receive a rotational input of the detachable pedaling apparatus in a user-operated configuration, and a flexible drive shaft connecting the input coupling to a propeller, the flexible drive shaft and the propeller being movable between an extended position in which the propeller is positioned below a lower side of the shell and a retracted position in which the propeller is positioned in the housing of reception. The craft of the example may further have any one or any combination of the following features: the boat further comprises a motor which is interchangeable with the detachable pedaling apparatus; The flexible drive shaft is supported by a shaft support fixed to the shell via a pivot, the drive retraction control lever being configured to pivot the propeller between the extended and retracted positions; The detachable pedaling apparatus comprises a gearbox configured to modify an input speed ratio on the output speed of the drive unit; - the boat is a kayak SIT ON TOP; and / or - the helix comprises three or more blades.
    This summary is proposed to present a selection of concepts in a simplified form, which are described in more detail below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
    In addition, the claimed object is not limited to implementations that solve any or all of the disadvantages mentioned in any of the parts of this specification.
    Brief Description of the Drawings [0008] Figure 1 shows an exemplary craft with a retractable drive unit.
    Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the drive unit of Figure 1 with the propeller and the drive shaft in a retracted position.
    Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the drive unit of Figure 1 with the propeller and the drive shaft in an extended position.
    Figure 4 shows a view of the drive unit with a detachable pedaling device detached from the drive unit.
    FIG. 5 represents a view of an exemplary receiving compartment of the boat of FIG. 1 taken on the lines 5 of FIG.
    Detailed Description [0009] As described above, a boat may use a pedal drive as a propulsion system. Such a training system may allow a user to perform other tasks, such as throwing or spinning a fishing lure, while propelling the boat into the water. Pedal propulsion systems typically include propellers or similar components positioned beneath the hull, which can cause problems in some operating environments. For example, propellers positioned below the hull may be capable of damaging or impairing operation when the depth of water is insufficient to provide clearance for the propellers (for example, when navigating in water shallow, when the vessel is stranded, when moving to areas with high concentrations of aquatic plants, etc.), and also exposed to damage during transport and storage. Likewise, the pedal drive system can extend above the boat's gunwale. Thus, returning such a boat to a car gallery may result in damage to the roof of the car and / or the pedal drive, while placing the boat upward also risks to damage the roof of the car and / or the propeller. In addition, several units of such boats can be difficult to stack during storage.
    To deal with such problems, a pedal propulsion system can be configured to be removed from a boat. However, removing the entire pedal and propeller drive assembly from the boat for shallow water use, storage and / or transportation may be difficult and inconvenient, and the drive system may be large and bulky when removing the boat.
    Thus, there are described examples relating to a pleasure craft having retractable drive units. As described in more detail below, a retractable drive unit integrated into a boat can be moved by a user between an extended position and a retracted position. In the extended configuration, a propeller is immersed in the water below the hull of the boat and positioned to propel the boat when it turns. In the retracted configuration, the propeller is stored in a receiving compartment in the hull. In this position, the propeller and other drive unit components are positioned above a lower surface of the shell. Thus, a user can selectively retract the propeller to protect the propeller from damage, for example dragging in plants or along the bottom of a lake, river or being damaged by impacts and / or or constraints during transport and storage. In some examples, the receiving compartment is accessible by a user while seated in the boat, thus providing a convenient access to clean (for example unravel the fishing line or aquatic plants), adjust the propeller, or repair the propeller and / or other drive components during use.
    The described examples also optionally provide the removable attachment of different drive mechanisms. This can be used to interchange a pedaling device and a detachable motor, for example, if necessary. In such an example, the pedaling device or motor can be stored on board the boat, when not in use. Thus, a user can quickly and easily change the drive arrangement of the craft during the operation of the craft, for example, to adapt to the physical state of a user (for example, when is resting or is tired) or environmental conditions (for example, when bad weather approaches quickly). As described in more detail below, the use of a removable drive mechanism also facilitates the stacking / portability capability of the boat, since the drive components can be contained completely in the boat. space between the bottom of the hull and the top portions of the gunwales when in the retracted position and with the drive mechanism removed.
    [0013] Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary boat 100 in the form of a kayak SIT ON TOP. The boat 100 comprises a hull 102 having a bottom side 106 and a deck 104 positioned above the hull. The illustrated hull 102 may be closed, as in the case where the boat 100 is a SIT ON TOP kayak, and may have one or more openings covered or uncovered, such as a cockpit, gear storage areas or bait. The bridge 104 may comprise various components, such as a seat platform 108, a rear axle 110, grip handles (not shown), tie-downs (not shown) and a rudder lever (not shown), as a examples. In other examples, a boat using a drive mechanism, as described herein, may take any other suitable form different from a SIT ON TOP kayak, such as a closed cockpit kayak, canoe, sailboat, a paddle board, etc.
    The boat 100 also comprises a drive unit 112, shown in a retracted position in Figure 1. The drive unit 112 is configured to generate the thrust to propel the boat 100 in the water . In the illustrated example, the drive unit 112 includes a detachable pedaling apparatus 114. The detachable pedaling apparatus 114 is positioned as located above the gunwales 130, in the illustrated example. As described in more detail below, the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 can be detached from the other drive components, so that the other drive components that remain attached to the boat are positioned between a line of gunwale and the lower hull surface of the boat. This can facilitate the stacking and transportation (eg transport on the roof of the car) of the boat.
    The detachable pedaling apparatus 114 is configured to provide rotational input to a drive shaft 116 of the drive unit 112 when a user of the pedal boat. In some examples, the drive shaft may be flexible. The use of a flexible drive shaft can provide convenient routing of the drive shaft by means of a saber beam 220 of the drive unit 112 between a propeller 118 and the drive apparatus. pedaling 114 (or engine). In other examples, any other suitable connection between the pedaling apparatus 114 and the helix 118 may be used. The operation of the driving configuration is discussed in more detail here with respect to FIG. .
    The propeller 118 is configured to provide the thrust to move the boat in the water, when in the extended position. The helix 118 may be of any suitable configuration. In some examples, the helix 118 may comprise three or more blades 120, and the receiving compartment may be sized to receive the helix 118 in any orientation. This may facilitate the retraction of the helix relative to a configuration in which a two-blade propeller is retracted into a narrower slot-shaped receiver, so that a helix must be aligned with the front slot-shaped receiver. retraction. It should be understood that these exemplary helix and receiving compartment configurations are exemplified, and any suitable helix and / or receiving compartment configuration can be used.
    The drive unit 112 further comprises a drive retraction control lever 122. The drive retraction control lever 122 is configured to move the drive shaft 116 and the propeller 118 between the retracted position and the extended position. The operation of the drive retraction control lever 122 is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. First, Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the drive unit 112 in the retracted position. In this position, the helix 118 is substantially enclosed by the receiving compartment 124, reducing the depth of water required to operate the boat and also protecting the propeller from damage in shallow water conditions. As mentioned above, in some examples, the receiving compartment 124 may be configured to allow a user to sit in the boat to access the propeller 118 when retracted. This can facilitate the cleaning and repair of the propeller during use. In such an example, a movable cover may extend over an upper portion of the receiving compartment 124 to prevent water from flowing into the receiving compartment.
    Figure 5 shows a top view of the boat 100 taken on the lines 5 of Figure 1, and illustrates the receiving compartment 124. The saber 220 and other drive components are also visible on this view. The propeller 118 is shown in Figure 5 in the retracted configuration, so that the propeller 118 is located in the receiving compartment 124. The propeller 118 is shown as having three blades 120 in Figure 5, but Other propellers with different number of blades may also be used. FIG. 5 also shows a slot 221 provided in the shell for housing the saber fin 220. The receiving compartment 124 has a rounded shape for accommodating the blades 120 of the helix 118 in any orientation, so that the Helix does not need to be placed in a particular orientation before retraction. Other suitable receiving compartment shapes may also be used, such as a suitably sized rectangular shape.
    Again with reference to Figure 2, the pedaling apparatus 114 comprises the first arm 200 of a crankshaft 202, and a pedal 204 coupled to the arm 200. The pedal 204 is configured to rotate about an axis pedal rotation 206, and the crankshaft 202 is configured to rotate about a crank axis 208. A second crank arm 202 and a second pedal are not visible in FIG.
    The detachable pedaling apparatus 114 further comprises a gearbox 210. In the illustrated example, the gearbox 210 is removed from the boat jointly with the pedal 204, the crankshaft 202 and so on. when replaced by an engine or other drive mechanism. In other examples, the gearbox 210 and the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 may be separate components, so that the crankshaft and the pedals are removable while the gearbox 210 remains attached to the gear shaft. training 116.
    As mentioned above, in some examples, the drive shaft 116 may be flexible. The use of a flexible drive can provide convenient routing of the drive shaft through a body of the drive unit between a propeller 118 and the pedaling apparatus 114 (or motor) and facilitates the operation of the drive shaft. retraction / extension of the propeller. Any suitable type of flexible drive shaft can be used. For example, a flexible drive shaft may include a rotating cable or rotating coil that is torsionally rigid but can be flexed. Such a rotary cable or such a rotating coil can be positioned inside the non-rotating lid. As another example, a drive shaft may include a plurality of non-flexible sections connected by flexible joints. In yet another example, the drive shaft may include a plurality of universal joints.
    The gearbox 210 may comprise a gear for changing a propeller rotation speed with respect to a pedal rotation speed. In the illustrated example, this is obtained by a first section 212 of the gearbox 210 configured to increase the speed ratio of input to output speed in the gearbox 210. In one example, the gearbox 210 can have an input speed ratio on output speed between 8 and 14. In other examples, any suitable gear ratio can be used. In addition, in some examples, modifiable gears may be provided to allow the speed ratio to be adjusted.
    The gearbox 210 also includes a second section 214 configured to change the direction of the angular output of the gearbox. A connector shaft 213 is shown extending between the first section 212 and the second section 214. In the illustrated example, the angle between an axial direction of rotation input and an axial direction of rotation output is 90 degrees, but other examples may have other appropriate angles, either higher or lower than 90 degrees. In other examples, the first section 212 can be directly connected to the drive shaft 116 without using the second section 214.
    The drive unit 112 also comprises a support structure 216 for supporting the pedaling apparatus 114 in a desired position relative to a user seated on the boat 100. The support structure 216 can be attached to the hull via fasteners, pins, etc. and / or can couple with a recess in the shell 102, as shown in FIG. 1. The support structure 216 can also assist in detaching the pedaling apparatus 114. For example, the support structure 216 can be easily grasped by a user when removing the pedaling apparatus 114.
    The drive unit 112 further comprises an input coupling 218 configured to receive an input rotation of the pedaling apparatus 114 or motor. The input coupling 218 includes a shaft extension 219 coupling with the second section 212 of the transmission 210. The input coupling 218 may include a quick disconnect coupling allowing a user to quickly remove the apparatus 114 detachable entryway without the use of tools, for practical change during the use of the boat.
    The drive shaft 116 and the propeller 118 are connected to the saber drift 220 which provides the support for the drive shaft and the propeller. In the illustrated example, the drive shaft 116 extends through an interior of the saber wing 220 and is thus protected by the saber wing. However, the drive shaft can have any suitable routing in other examples. The drive retraction control lever 122 is attached to the saber beam 220 via the mechanical link 222, and the saber beam 220 is coupled to the shell via a pivot. The drive retraction control lever 122 can be moved, as indicated by the arrow 224, to move the mechanical link 222. The movement of the mechanical link 222 rotates the flexible drive shaft 116 and the propeller 118 between the retracted position and the extended position, shown in Figure 3 and discussed in more detail here. More specifically, the movement of the drive retraction control lever 122 causes the mechanical link 222 to apply a force to an upper portion of the saber fin 220, causing the saber fly 220 to pivot about the saber drift axis 226. .
    Figure 3 shows the drive shaft 116 and the helix 118 in an extended position. Arrow 224 indicates the actuating movement of the drive retraction control lever 122 to move the drive shaft 116 and the propeller into the extended position, and the arrow 300 illustrates the resulting motion of the drive shaft. flexible drive 116 and saber drift 220. As previously discussed, the movement of the drive retraction control lever 122 moves the mechanical linkage 222 to rotate the saber fly 220 about the saber drift axis 226. A Bearing, bushing or other suitable mechanism may be included in the saber drift 220 to allow the saber drift 220 to rotate about the saber drift axis 226.
    Figure 4 shows the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 removed from the input coupling 218, indicated via the arrow 400. The propeller 118 and the flexible drive shaft 116 in the drive unit 112 are in the extended position in Figure 4, but the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 may also be detached when the helix 118 and the flexible drive shaft 116 are in a retracted position.
    To remove the detachable pedaling apparatus 114, the user can pull the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 in a direction remote from the input coupling 218 to remove the apparatus in one motion. In this way, the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 can be quickly and easily removed by a user. In another example, the user can first uncouple the input coupling 218 from the second section 214 of the gearbox 210. Once the input coupling 218 is decoupled from the gearbox 210, the user can then seize the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 and move the apparatus to a compartment in the boat 100, shown in FIG. 1. In this configuration, the parts of the drive which remain fixed on the boat are positioned between the gunwale line and the lower surface of the hull, and thus are protected from damage, allowing the boat to be stacked with another boat for storage, to be transported on a gallery of roof, etc. The pedaling apparatus 114 can be re-attached simply by again coupling the second section 214 of the gearbox 210 to the input coupling 218 of the drive shaft 116 and attaching the support structure 216 to a lower section 403. of the drive unit 112. In some examples, the input coupling 218 may be configured to be detached from the gearbox 210 without the use of tools, while tools may be used in other examples. In addition, in some examples, additional coupling mechanisms may be used to attach the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 to the drive unit 112, such as with bolts, pins, fasteners, etc. In addition, in some examples, the support structure 216 may remain attached to the boat when the detachable pedaling apparatus 114 is removed from the hull of the boat. Such a structure can be used when the gunwale line is high enough to extend above the support structure 216, for example.
    FIG. 4 also schematically represents a motor 402 configured to be attached to the input coupling 218, as indicated via the arrow 404. The motor 402 may be configured to receive the shaft extension 219 and provide the output rotating thereto via a drive shaft and a gear configured to attach to the shaft extension 219. The motor 402 may also include other coupling devices for securing the motor to the input unit. , as with bolts, pins, fasteners, etc. The illustrated configuration may allow a user to quickly switch between a motor drive and a pedal drive, if necessary. Any motor can be used, such as electric motors and gasoline engines.
    It should be understood that the configurations and / or approaches described here are exemplary in nature, and that these embodiments or specific examples are not considered in a limiting sense, because many variants are possible. The subject matter of this specification includes all new non-manifest combinations and subcombinations of the various processes, systems and configurations and other features, functions, acts and / or properties described herein, as well as any and all of their equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A watercraft (100) comprising: a shell (102) including a receiving compartment (124); a bridge (104) positioned above the hull; and a drive unit (112) extending across the deck and the hull of the boat, the drive unit including an input coupling (218) configured to receive a rotational input, and a shaft flexible drive (116) connecting the input coupling to a propeller (118), the flexible drive shaft and the propeller being movable between an extended position in which the propeller is positioned beneath a lower side (106) of the hull and a retracted position in which the helix is positioned at least partially inside the receiving compartment.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The boat of claim 1, further comprising a detachable pedaling apparatus (114), the detachable pedaling apparatus preferably being positioned above the boat deck.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    A boat according to claim 2, wherein the detachable pedaling apparatus comprises a gearbox (210), the gearbox being preferably coupled to pedals and / or configured to change an input speed ratio to output speed of the drive unit.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    The watercraft of claim 2 or 3, wherein the input coupling is configured to receive a rotational input of the detachable pedaling apparatus in a user-operated configuration.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    The boat of claim 2, 3 or 4, further comprising a detachable motor (402), wherein the input coupling is configured to receive rotational input of the detachable motor in a motor-driven configuration.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The vessel of claim 5, further comprising a gearbox coupled to the input coupling, the gearbox preferably having an input speed to output speed ratio of between 8 and 14.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The vessel of claim 6, wherein the gearbox is user adjustable between the user operated configuration and the motor powered configuration.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. A vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the input coupling is a quick disconnect coupling.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Boat according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the propeller comprises three blades (120) or more.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The watercraft of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a drive retraction control lever (122) connected to the drive unit for moving the flexible drive shaft and the propeller. between the extended and retracted positions.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. A vessel according to claim 10, wherein the flexible drive shaft is supported by a saber wing (220) fixed to the hull via a pivot or a shaft support fixed to the hull via a pivot, the lever drive retraction control device being configured to rotate the helix between the extended and retracted positions.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Boat according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the boat is a kayak SIT ON TOP.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3049926A1|2017-10-13|BOAT COMPRISING A RETRACTABLE TRAINING MECHANISM
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    ES2712404T3|2019-05-13|Outboard motor
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    FR2550734A1|1985-02-22|PEDALO AMPHIBIOUS SAILING
    FR2852573A1|2004-09-24|Navigation device for marine field, has carrier boat carrying passengers and goods, and tender e.g. water motorbike, including motor or turbine to propel carrier boat, where tender is fixed at back portion of boat
    US20190152574A1|2019-05-23|Retractable Propeller Driven Pedal System and Method of Use
    US4439164A|1984-03-27|Paddle wheel kit for pontoon boat
    US20040092176A1|2004-05-13|Marine propulsion device
    FR2725419A1|1996-04-12|APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND DIRECTING VEHICLES THROUGH MUSCLE STRENGTH, TRANSFORMED INTO MOTOR POWER
    FR3035860A1|2016-11-11|Device for propelling a paddle-type boat
    JPH09202298A|1997-08-05|Outboard motor
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    FR3066174B1|2019-07-05|PEDALO WITH ELECTRICAL ASSISTANCE, EQUIPPED WITH A DEVICE FOR LIFTING / IMMERSION OF ITS PROPULSION PROPELLER
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    US9623946B2|2017-04-18|Inboard/outboard with portable outdrive
    FR2467773A1|1981-04-30|Pleasure craft with sail and pedal power - is steered by rudder and has orientation of sail by steering wheel
    FR2994416A1|2014-02-14|Boat for sailing on water body, has blade put in inactive position and moved in forward direction when handle and cable are moved in forward direction from rear end towards front end, where handle and cable control displacement of blade
    FR2801275A1|2001-05-25|Z drive boat outboard motor propulsion transformer has casing with mechanical transmission unit and helix sliding into adjustable position
    AU2006100951A4|2007-03-01|Whippella "marine propulsion device"
    FR3075162B1|2020-09-25|VEHICLE SUITABLE TO BE IMMERSE INCLUDING A MAST
    CA2410108A1|2004-05-20|Waterjet-driven boat, using human strenght
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2017202018A1|2017-10-26|
    AU2019203211B2|2021-07-01|
    CN107284613A|2017-10-24|
    US20170341718A1|2017-11-30|
    DE102017107376A1|2017-10-12|
    CN107284613B|2019-06-21|
    US9758220B1|2017-09-12|
    AU2019203211A1|2019-05-30|
    US10266237B2|2019-04-23|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2020-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-05-07| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20210507 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US15/097,155|US9758220B1|2016-04-12|2016-04-12|Watercraft having retractable drive mechanism|
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